Soils represent both a source of and sink for greenhouse gases (GHG). Elevated temperature (eT) affects both the physical and biological factors that drive GHG emissions from soil and thus understanding the effects of rising global temperatures on terrestrial GHG emission is needed to predict future GHG emissions, and to identify mitigation strategies. However, uncertainty remains about the interactive effects of multiple climate factors across different ecosystems, complicating our ability to develop robust climate change projections. Therefore, a global meta-analysis of 1337 pairwise observations from 150 peer-reviewed publications (1990-2023) was conducted to assess the individual effect of eT and its combined effects with eCO