The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan parasitosis, generally asymptomatic and potentially dangerous for the fetus and highly immunocompromised patients. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, supplemented with folic acid, are the drugs of choice to treating the disease, but they produce severe side effects and treatments fail due to drug resistance. New anti-Toxoplasma compounds are needed, and natural compounds can be a good source for obtaining them. The antiparasitic activity of 40 polar and non-polar extracts of eight antiparasitic medicinal plants used in Côte d'Ivoire, and selected based on ethnopharmacological survey, were evaluated in vitro against T. gondii. Among them, the hydromethanolic extract of the Elaeis guineensis leaves exhibited the best parasite growth inhibition (94% ± 0.07) at 25 μg/mL without being cytotoxic at the same dose. The fractionation of this extract did not allow the recovery of antitoxoplasmic activity in its individualized fractions. The