Urban greenspaces have long been recognized for their potential to enhance environmental quality and public health. Despite the well-documented direct benefits of greenspaces, the mediating role of air pollution in the relationship between greenspaces and health outcomes remains less explored in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates the mediating role of air pollution in the relationship between greenspace and cardiorespiratory admissions in Brazil. This study analyzed 26,724,624 hospitalizations for respiratory and circulatory diseases between 2008 and 2018. Greenspace was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while air pollution exposure was estimated using PM