This study explores the clinical characteristics and risk factors of female precocious puberty. This retrospective study was conducted on 119 girls with precocious puberty admitted to Pu'er People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 (PP group) and 119 girls with normal sexual maturity during the same period (normal group). Clinical characteristics (including laboratory indicators) and general conditions of participants in both groups were collected and compared. The risk factors of female precocious puberty were analyzed using logistic analysis. There were statistically significant differences in axillary hair growth, early menarche, vaginal mucus appearance, pubic hair growth, breast development, areola diameter, ovarian volume, uterine volume, bone age, body mass index, height, prolactin, progesterone, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels between the 2 groups (P <
.05). There were statistically significant differences in frequent use of cosmetics, polluted living environment (chemical and pesticide detergents), sleeping with the light on at night, early exposure to sexual information, consumption of fried foods >
2 times/week, consumption of snacks >
2 times/week, parental discord, consumption of off-season fruits and vegetables, consumption of domestic poultry >
7 times/week, mother's menarche <
12 years, and mother's breast development age ≤ 10 years between the 2 groups (P <
.05). Logistic analysis confirmed that frequent use of cosmetics, polluted living environment (chemical and pesticide detergents), sleeping with the light on at night, early exposure to sexual information, consumption of fried foods >
2 times/week, consumption of snacks >
2 times/week, parental discord, consumption of off-season fruits and vegetables, consumption of domestic poultry >
7 times/week, mother's menarche <
12 years old, and mother's breast development age ≤ 10 years old were risk factors of female precocious puberty (P <
.05). In clinical practice, targeted prevention and control can be implemented based on relevant risk factors to improve the physical and mental health of children.