Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a pathogen that has generated global concern due to the public health challenges it has created. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of E. coli is important to public health safety. Microchips have become a popular analytical technique for detecting E. coli due to their automation, high analytical efficiency, and low analyte consumption. Therefore, this paper highlights multiple microchip-based strategies for the detection of E. coli, reviews their limitations, and provides strategies and future perspectives for analyzing E. coli..