Survival quality of glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains undesirable despite the aggressive multimodal treatment methods implemented, which are strongly associated with tumor recurrence after surgical resection. Self-renewal and strong tumourigenic capacity of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) at the narrow margin of the incision are essential factors driving tumor secondary strikes. Currently, the challenges in treating postoperative residual GSCs are mainly due to the lack of materials for incision and GSCs targeting. In this study, a neurotransmitter-mimicking nanovesicle (PMVS-P) based on platelet membrane-derived vesicle (PMV) with anti-GSC drug salinomycin (SAL)-loading and polydopamine (PDA)-surface is synthesized. PMVS-P exhibits surgical incision targeting ability and specifically identified GSCs with highly expressed D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR), a central nervous system neurotransmitter receptor, thus suppressing GBM recurrence. This neurotransmitter-mimicking nanovesicle primed GSC-specific tumoricidal treatment with broadened applications for preventing tumor recurrence.