The treatment of critically ill patients has made great strides in the past few decades due to the rapid development of indwelling medical devices. Despite immense advancements in the design of these devices, indwelling medical device-associated infections and thrombosis are two major clinical problems that may lead to device failure and compromise clinical outcomes. Antibiotics are the current treatment choice for these infections
however, the global emergence of antibiotic-resistance and their biofilm formation abilities complicate the management of such infections. Moreover, systemic administration of anticoagulants has been used to counter medical device-induced thrombosis, but a range of serious adverse effects associated with all types of available anticoagulants entails exploring alternative options to counter device-associated thrombosis. In this study, bacteriophages (phages) were covalently immobilized on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface containing the nitric oxide (NO) donor