With the rising demand for sustainable proteins, edible insects such as silkworm pupae are gaining recognition for their high-quality protein and essential nutrients. Advanced technologies like high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing have the potential to enhance the functional properties of insect proteins. This study investigated the application of HHP to silkworm pupa protein, focusing on its effects on physicochemical properties, functional characteristics, and bioactivity. HHP treatments at 400 and 600 MPa significantly enhanced emulsifying and foaming capacities, as well as antioxidant activity. Furthermore, HHP-assisted extraction facilitated protein unfolding and increased the exposure of hydrophobic groups on the protein surface, which likely contributed to improvements in protein solubility and antioxidant function. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of HHP to enhance the quality of edible insect proteins for food applications.