INTRODUCTION: The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and blood glucose regulation. Current animal models, primarily mice and zebrafish, have limited the exploration of pancreatic biology from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. Tetrapod vertebrate axolotl ( METHODS: We conducted morphological, histological, and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the axolotl pancreas. Pancreatic development was observed using RESULTS: The axolotl pancreas contains all known pancreatic cell types and develops from dorsal and ventral buds. Both of buds contribute to exocrine and endocrine glands. The dorsal bud produces the major endocrine cell types, while the ventral bud generates α and δ cells, but not β cells. Differential gene expression analysis indicated a transition in global gene expression from pancreatic cell fate commitment and the cell cycle to glucose response, hormone synthesis, and secretion, following the development progression. Notably, the adult axolotl pancreas exhibits slower metabolic activity compared to mammals, as evidenced by the results of GTT and ITT. The mutation of DISCUSSION: This study examines the axolotl pancreas, highlighting the conservation of pancreatic development. Our study highlights the unique features of the axolotl pancreas and broadens the scope of animal models available for pancreatic evolution and disease research.