Globally, 3 billion people rely on solid biomass fuel for their everyday cooking, most often using inefficient cooking practices, leading to high exposure levels of household air pollution. This is subsequently associated with negative health and climate impact. Further, the inefficient use of biomass fuels applies pressure on natural forests, resulting in deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and soil degradation. Improved cookstove technologies and biomass fuels are being promoted to mitigate these issues. However, limited knowledge exists about how the interaction between stove technology and new fuels affects the physical and chemical properties of particulate emissions. In this study, the emission performance of four cookstove technologies in combination with five fuels was evaluated in a laboratory setup, applying a modified water boiling test with a hood dilution system for flue gas sampling. Filter sampling was applied to determine the emissions of fine particulate matter (PM