Successful wound healing in diabetic patients is hindered by dysregulated miRNA expression. This study aimed to investigate the abnormal expression of miRNAs in diabetic wound healing and the potential therapeutic role of modulating the miR-206/HIF-1α pathway. MicroRNA assays were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in diabetic wound sites and adjacent areas. In vitro models and a rat diabetic model were established to evaluate the effects of miR-206 on HIF-1α regulation and wound healing. The study revealed differential expression of miR-206 in diabetic wound tissues, its interaction with HIF-1α, and the inhibitory effect of miR-206 on cell growth under high glucose conditions. Modulating the miR-206/HIF-1α pathway using miR-206 antagomir promoted HIF-1α, CD34, and VEGF expression, ultimately enhancing diabetic wound healing.