The dysregulation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a key contributor to obesity-induced vascular dysfunction. Mouse periaortic adipose tissue is divided into two parts: thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (TPVAT) and abdominal perivascular adipose tissue (APVAT). These two parts have different physiological properties, which translate into different effects on the vascular wall in the onset of metabolic syndrome. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and has been shown to play an important role in metabolic syndrome, including vascular homeostasis. Despite a considerable focus on the role of SCD1 in the development of vascular disorders, there is currently a lack of knowledge of the relationship between SCD1 and PVAT. The present study investigated effects of SCD1 deficiency on lipolysis, β-oxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation in mouse TPVAT and APVAT under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding conditions. We found lower triglyceride levels in PVAT in SCD1