Both mothers and infants experience oxidative stress due to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of GDM. Metformin (MET) has shown potential in alleviating oxidative stress
however, research on its specific mechanisms of action in GDM remains limited. We collected placental tissues from GDM patients and healthy controls and established an