BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is a multifaceted personality characteristic associated with maladaptive behavior, including action without foresight, lack of self-control, and premature actions. Despite a growing body of meditation studies reporting benefits on emotional regulation, stress reactivity, and mind wandering, it remains unclear whether impulsivity and resting-state frontal electroencephalogram activity in meditators are associated. PRIMARY STUDY OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the relationship between the neural activity of the frontal brain and impulsivity in heartfulness and naïve meditators. METHODS/DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Before acquiring a resting-state frontal electroencephalogram, a self-reported Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, was administered to each participant to assess impulsivity. SETTING: Data were acquired in the sound-attenuated chamber of the Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory at Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samasthana, Bengaluru, India. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 65 participants aged between 20 to 45 years were recruited from Heartfulness Institute and South Bengaluru. INTERVENTION: Heartfulness meditators had 1245.58 ± 355.35 hours of Heartfulness Meditation experience. Naïve meditators had no meditation practice experience. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The study assessed impulsivity using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 and resting-state frontal electroencephalogram to measure frontal brain oscillations in heartfulness meditation meditators and naïve meditators. RESULTS: The Mann-Whitney U-test showed significantly lower total impulsive behavior (P <
.05) in Heartfulness Meditation meditators. The resting-state electroencephalogram showed significantly higher right frontal alpha power (P <
.05) and lower frontal beta power (P <
.05) in Heartfulness Meditation meditators compared to naïve meditators. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed impulsiveness was negatively correlated with frontal alpha power and positively correlated with beta power. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that the Heartfulness Meditation practice may have a potential role in promoting frontal-lobe activities which may facilitate inhibitory control over characteristics of impulsive behavior.