Childhood injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with mothers often being the first responders in such emergencies. In Saudi Arabia, despite high educational attainment, maternal preparedness for pediatric first aid remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning pediatric first aid in Riyadh, with a focus on identifying key gaps and informing interventions in line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. This descriptive cross-sectional study surveyed 385 mothers residing in Riyadh between May and September 2023. Data were collected through a structured and validated questionnaire available in Arabic and English, distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pediatric first aid. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, with descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis) employed to analyze group differences. The reliability of the instruments was measured using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.867). The majority of mothers (69.2%) were aged between 20 and 40 years, and 66.1% held a university degree. While 97.4% of the respondents reported being aware of first aid, significant gaps in knowledge were observed. Although 76.8% of the participants knew how to apply pressure to a bleeding wound, only 42.3% correctly identified how to preserve a lost tooth, and just 12.3% knew the appropriate response to seizures. Mothers with formal first aid training had significantly higher knowledge scores (P <
.01), and education level was a significant predictor of better knowledge (P <
.05). Social media was the most frequently cited source of information (37.6%), followed by first aid training courses (27.4%). Despite high awareness, this study identifies substantial gaps in maternal knowledge of first aid for pediatric emergencies, particularly in managing specific situations such as seizures and dental injuries. These findings highlight the urgent need for structured first aid training programs tailored to mothers in Riyadh. Incorporating first aid education into Saudi Arabia's public health initiatives, particularly Vision 2030, could significantly improve maternal preparedness and enhance child safety.