OBJECTIVE: Elucidating neurological processes in the mammalian brain requires improved methods for imaging and detecting neuronal subtypes. Transgenic mouse models utilizing Cre/lox recombination have been developed to selectively label neuronal subtypes with fluorophores, however, light-scattering attenuation of both excitation light and emission light limits their effective range of detection. APPROACH: To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the use of a near-infrared fluorophore, iRFP713, for subtype labeling of neurons found within brain regions that are typically inaccessible by optical methods. Towards this goal, a custom photoacoustic system is developed for detection of iRFP in neurons in brain slices, expressed via Cre/lox, and within in vitro cell culture. RESULTS: In this study, a custom system is developed to detect iRFP in neuronal cells both in brain slices and in vitro. Furthermore, this work validates iRFP expression in the brains of transgenic mice and neuronal cell culture.