Groundwater is the main source of water for daily life, agricultural irrigation, and industrial production in the Manas River Basin （MRB） in Xinjiang. To explore the spatial distribution and sources of inorganic components in groundwater and their negative effects on human health, 37 groundwater samples were collected in the plain area of MRB. The spatial distribution, sources, and potential health risks of inorganic components in groundwater were analyzed using Kriging interpolation, PMF source analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and a health risk assessment model. The results showed that all of the groundwater in the area was weakly alkaline. Groundwater TDS and Cl