With the increasing development of transportation and the rise of motor vehicle ownership, the problem of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） pollution in roadside farmland soils cannot be ignored. This study examined the pollution levels, composition, sources, and health risks of PAHs in farmland soils along with highways in China, based on 16 years of soil data. The results indicated that the median concentration of 16 PAHs in China's roadside farmland soils was 490.15 μg·kg