Microplastics are emerging as a novel environmental contaminant and pose a substantial threat to riverine ecosystems. This research focused on the Huangbai River, employing field sampling, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses during April and July 2023. The objective of this study was to clarify the magnitude of microplastic contamination in surface water, sediment, and the benthic macroinvertebrate community. The findings indicated that the average abundance of microplastics in surface water was （7.33±4.66） n·L