Antibiotics are frequently detected in aquatic environments, posing potential risks to ecological systems and human health. Among the various treatment strategies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation stand out due to their ease of activation and potent oxidative capabilities. This study synthesized manganese-iron-copper layered double hydroxides coupled with graphene oxide (MnFeCu-LDH/GO) using eco-friendly transition metals. Optimal conditions of pH 7, 298 K, and 0.2 g L