BACKGROUND: This study aims to clarify how patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) hematological malignancies prepare for the future and set treatment goals. R/R hematological malignancies often require intensive therapies, including stem cell transplantation and CAR-T cell therapy, which pose high risks of adverse events. Many patients continue aggressive treatment until the end of life for pain relief or even a potential cure, despite the significant symptom burden. Understanding each patient's treatment motivations and preferences is essential to aligning care with their individual values. By examining their experiences, current health status, and treatment goals, this study seeks to provide a basis for holding early discussions on future care, contributing to individualized decision-making support for patients facing limited treatment options and uncertain prognoses. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study design was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 16 patients with relapsed/refractory hematopoietic malignancies who were hospitalized for chemotherapy. RESULTS: The four main themes expressed by the participants were (I) I want to live through the treatment until the end of my life because I know recovery is difficult
(II) my current treatment depends on how much my body can endure
(III) I want to keep trying, but I am at the limit of what I can do now
and (IV) I want to continue even if the treatment is limited because I think it will help someone else. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hematopoietic malignancies who are undergoing treatment may be motivated by a variety of different factors to continue with treatment. Discussing patients' goals and wishes with respect to treatment is critically important to ensure that such treatment is aligned with patients' preferences.