BACKGROUND: Air pollution is a well-documented public health hazard linked to various adverse health outcomes. While studies have shown associations between elevated levels of air pollutants and increased influenza incidence, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning the interactive effects of air pollution and viral exposure on respiratory viral infections. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the interactive effects of air pollution and viral exposure on influenza hospital visits in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. METHODS: We conducted a time-series analysis linking daily hospital visits for influenza disease (defined as ICD10 diagnosis codes J11) with ambient concentrations of air pollutants (PM RESULTS: A total of 16,364 influenza hospital visits were recorded, with significantly higher rates of visits during the winter season. All six pollutants amplified the effects of viral exposure on hospital visits in cold months, while only PM CONCLUSIONS: Air pollution significantly amplified the adverse effects of viral exposure on influenza-hospital visits, particularly among young children and during high viral exposure periods. These findings underscore the need for employing protective measures against both air pollution and viral infections.