Soil salinity and alkalinity severely suppress plant growth and crop yields. This study compared the effects of neutral and alkaline salt exposure, both individually and mixed, on metal content and morphophysiological responses in halophyte Haloxylon ammodendron. Our results showed that alkaline salt exposure more considerably inhibited the growth and photosynthesis of H. ammodendron than neutral salt exposure. Under neutral salt conditions, Na accumulated significantly, while K and Fe absorption was hindered. In contrast, under alkaline salt stress, Na accumulation was more pronounced, leading to a greater inhibition of K absorption. Additionally, Ca accumulation was promoted, while the transport of Fe, Mg, and Cu from root to shoot was suppressed. Alkaline salt stress also induced more severe osmotic stress, triggering a stronger accumulation of soluble sugars to counteract it. Furthermore, seedlings under alkaline stress showed higher levels of REL, H