BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), though revolutionary in cancer treatment, may accelerate atherosclerosis by inducing arterial inflammation. Due to a lack of controlled studies, the capacity of arterial 2-deoxy-2-[ METHODS: Arterial [ RESULTS: Of the 156 patients included, 50 (30.1%) received ICIs after the baseline scan. Baseline arterial [ CONCLUSIONS: This is the first controlled clinical study supporting the role of ICIs in accelerating atherosclerosis through low-grade arterial inflammation. However, although detectable by repeated [