Technological innovation is one of the most important variables in the evolution of the textile industry system. As the innovation process changes, so does the degree of technological diffusion and the state of competitive equilibrium in the textile industry system, and this leads to fluctuations in the economic growth of the industry system. The fluctuations resulting from the role of innovation are complex, irregular and imperfectly cyclical. The study of the chaos model of the accumulation of innovation in the evolution of the textile industry can help to provide theoretical guidance for technological innovation in the textile industry, and can help to provide suggestions for the interaction between the government and the textile enterprises themselves. It is found that reasonable government regulation parameters contribute to the accelerated accumulation of innovation in the textile industry.