The concept of self-management has become one of the most critical concepts in stroke rehabilitation. This study examined the impact of a 2-week stroke self-management program on the self-efficacy, self-esteem, and health behaviors of stroke patients. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2022 to October 2022 with 116 patients who had been admitted to the hospital with a stroke diagnosis after admission to the hospital. This study had 4 primary outcomes: self-efficacy, self-esteem, and health behaviors. Each of those outcomes was assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 1 month postintervention. Fifty-one participants were enrolled in the intervention group and 49 participants were enrolled in the control group. According to the baseline data, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and health behaviors of participants (P >
.05). Moreover, the difference between the mean scores of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and health behaviors between the 3 measurement time points was not significant (P >
.05) in the control group, but there were considerable differences between the mean scores of all 3 factors in the intervention group (P <
.05). A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and health behaviors after the educational program (P <
.05). Patients with stroke can significantly improve their self-efficacy, self-esteem, and health behaviors as a result of self-management education.