Monitoring the early-stage healing of severe traumatic nerve injuries is essential to gather physiological and pathological information for timely interventions and optimal clinical outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods relying on physical examinations, imaging tools, and intraoperative electrophysiological testing present great challenges in continuous and remote monitoring. While implantable peripheral nerve interfaces provide direct access to nerve fibers for precise interrogation and modulation, conventional non-degradable designs pose limited utilization in nerve injury rehabilitation. Here, we introduce a biodegradable and restorative neural interface for wireless real-time tracking and recovery of long-gap nerve injuries. Leveraging machine learning techniques, this electronic platform deciphers nerve recovery status and identifies traumatic neuroma formation at the early phase, enabling timely intervention and significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. The biodegradable nature of the device eliminates the need for retrieval procedures, reducing infection risks and secondary tissue damage. This research sheds light on bioresorbable multifunctional peripheral nerve interfaces for probing neuropathic injuries, offering vital information for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.