Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease primarily reported in Asia. This review aims to summarize studies on the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS. Literature from PubMed and Scopus was searched up to February 14, 2024. A total of 76 articles were eligible. Infections were reported in China, Japan, South Korea, and several other countries in Asia. The incidence of SFTS has been rising and reported from new areas across Asia. The incidence rate was highest in China, ranging from fewer than 0.1 to 4.2 cases per 100,000 population and reaching up to 127.6 cases per 100,000 population in some areas. Most cases occurred between April and December. Elderly farmers and veterinarians were the most affected group. Key epidemiological factors included direct contact with animals, outdoor work, vegetation near homes, rural or hilly residency, tick bites, and direct contact with blood or saliva from infected animals or humans.