The processes by which amebiasis causes host mucosal inflammation are not entirely understood. In order to identify Entamoeba histolytica molecularly and measure the amounts of certain interleukins in children who were infected, this study was conducted. It was conducted between April and Stamper 2024. In Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, 290 children suffering from diarrhea who were between the ages of 1 and 13 had their stool and blood samples taken. The microscopic examination showed that 128(44.1 %) children out of 290 were infected with Entamoeba spp. while when the samples were examined using the RT-PCR technique, it was found that the number of positive samples was 53(36.6 %) for E. histolytica The percentage of infected male children was 41.5 % while, the percentage of female children was 58.5 %. For interleukins, IL-2 was significantly increased in infected children (265.02 ± 11.78) compared with control (89.36 ± 5.19 pg/ml). IL-4 was significantly increased in infected children (249.11 ± 12.47 pg/ml) compared with control (54.84 ± 1.93 pg/ml). IL-6 was significantly increased in infected children (7.28 ± 1.57 pg/ml) compared with control (2.11 ± 0.42 pg/ml). IL-17 was significantly increased (P <
0.05) in infected children (15.46 ± 1.93 pg/ml) compared with control (7.06 ± 0.67 pg/ml). According to this research, PCR technology is a more sensitive and accurate way to diagnose E. histolytica than the direct method with an optical microscope. Inconclusion, this study found that children with E. histolytica had considerably increased serum levels of several interleukins, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17.