OBJECTIVE: With growing awareness of probiotics' benefits, more studies are exploring their efficacy and mechanisms in reducing atherosclerosis (AS). This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on atherosclerotic mice and underlying mechanisms. DESIGN: ApoE RESULTS: LGG-treated ApoE CONCLUSION: LGG significantly attenuates AS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation probably via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Remarkably, LGG modulates gut microbiota, further enhancing its protective efficacy against AS.