The present book aims to highlight the importance and gains of the Bologna reforms, but also to reflect on the unfulfilled promises and the technical and substantive ambiguities that it may bear. A necessary debate in a moment of profound reflection on the pertinence, place, consistency and usefulness of the knowledge produced in higher institutions and on how it is disseminated and replicated. In the background a renewed discussion on the cultural and normative patterns of contemporary societies: what kind of knowledge is being produced today? How the relationship between teachers and students has changed? How the issues of plurality and respect for difference are placed in contexts of greater mobility and internationalization? How the equity in access and attendance of higher education is ensured by greater pressures for effectiveness and comparability? These and other issues are addressed in the various chapters of the book.