This book deals with medical image analysis methods. In particular, it contains two significant chapters on image segmentation as well as some selected examples of the application of image analysis and processing methods. Despite the significant development of information technology methods used in modern image analysis and processing algorithms, the segmentation process remains open. This is mainly due to intra-patient variability and/or scene diversity. Segmentation is equally difficult in the case of ultrasound imaging and depends on the location of the probe or the contact force. Regardless of the imaging method, segmentation must be tailored for a specific application in almost every case. These types of application areas for various imaging methods are included in this book.