Starting in the 1940s, humans have aimed to increase agricultural productivity. However, along with the benefits gained, there have been several criticisms since the 1970s, especially about food security and environmental impacts. Nowadays, the demand for food is increasing while the quantity and quality of agricultural production is declining due to human-induced environmental problems, i.e. climate change and water scarcity. Moreover, our modern fruit industry needs to improve quality and quantity of fruit production while also protecting ecosystems by reducing environmental impacts. Hence, this book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the new and eco-friendly technologies in the modern fruit industry.