This article aimed to assess and discuss the current diagnostic and treatment approaches for post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in preterm infants with the goal of enhancing their quality of life and minimizing long-term complications. This literature review used a multilevel analysis of contemporary studies on intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and PHH in preterm neonates from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, applying strict selection criteria and double independent assessments to ensure the reliability and relevance of the findings. This review emphasizes the complexity of IVH and PHH in preterm neonates and highlights diverse approaches in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of advanced neuroimaging for accurate diagnosis and the potential of neuroendoscopic lavage in reducing shunt dependency and the risk of infections
however, there is a clear need for further research into long-term outcomes and the development of less invasive treatments. The efficacy of combined techniques using temporary manipulation followed by permanent drainage systems, which ensure normal positioning of the postnasal drainage system and provides time for specialists to consider the optimal strategy, has also been demonstrated. This study will aid health professionals in making timely decisions, reducing neurological complications, and improving patient prognoses and quality of life.