INTRODUCTION: Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are at risk for developing various neoplasms. Since the early twentieth century, multiple cases of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) occurring in this context have been published. Yet, the role of AIM: We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a case of PitNET diagnosed in a patient with NF1. We also review the available data for and against a causal association between METHODS: Our patient was recruited via an ongoing prospective study of individuals with neuroendocrine neoplasms. Genetic testing was carried out by means of targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing in blood and tumor DNA, respectively. RESULTS: A 54-year-old-man was incidentally diagnosed with a clinically non-functioning PitNET via brain imaging. He had a personal and family history of NF1 and carried the germline pathogenic variant CONCLUSIONS: Although the association of NF1 and PitNETs could be coincidental, the clinical characteristics of the reviewed cases differ from those of typical incidentalomas.