BACKGROUND: Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is rare life-threatening condition associated with a clonal plasma cell neoplasm. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and biochemical features in patients with POEMS syndrome before and post-therapy. METHODS: Characteristics of demographic information, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and imaging examination were retrospectively collected when diagnosed and post-therapy in the patients POEMS syndrome between 2018 and 2024. RESULTS: Nineteen newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with POEMS syndrome were enrolled. The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was re-analyzed and matched the diagnostic criteria updated in 2023. All patients presented the symptoms of polyneuropathy and positive for M-protein. Most patients suffered with hyperpigmentation ( CONCLUSION: Patients with POEMS syndrome had impaired liver and renal function, and effective therapy might partly repair the liver and renal dysfunction.