BACKGROUND: Telemedicine applications are perceived as having great potential to address regional health service deficits. However, it is unclear to what extent telemedicine can actually contribute to ensuring care in medically underserved regions. The aim of this study is to prospectively identify underserved regions and to investigate the potential of telemedicine applications using teledermatology as an example. METHODS: Well-served regions were identified using selected indicators. Points were awarded for each indicator and added up to form two scores. The results were analyzed for spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I), and visualized as a bivariate choropleth map. Data on broadband availability (BMVI) and descriptive statistics (Spearman's Rho, Beeswarm plots) were used to analyze the potential for telemedicine applications. All analyses were carried out at county level. RESULTS: Out of 401 counties, 159 can be classified as vulnerable because of their supply situation. They are mainly located in the north-west part of Germany. Locally, there are infrastructure deficits, i. e. insufficient bandwidth for telemedicine applications. Spearman's Rho shows negative correlations between broadband availability and the scores obtained (ρ: -0.654/-0.229, p <
0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a consolidation of regional disparities. If the identified regions are inhabited by patients with limited mobility and by socially disadvantaged patients, there is a risk of "double gaps in care". In the context of an increasing demand and workload, barriers to telemedicine should be removed, especially in the identified areas, and alternative care models should be implemented.