BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a frequently reported COVID-19 sequela. It is a progressive disorder characterized by respiratory failure and death. The properties of Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes (AO) make it a highly potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic agent. This study has evaluated AO's protective effects on bleomycin-induced PF in rats and investigated the underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bleomycin (5mg/kg, intratracheally) was used to induce PF in albino rats, and then, AO extract (200mg/kg/daily, orally) was administrated for 28days post-bleomycin-instillation. After euthanizing the rats, the biochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and histopathological examination of lung tissue were determined. RESULTS: Findings have revealed that bleomycin significantly increased the tissue level of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6, Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity level decreased in the lungs of bleomycin-instilled rats. However, AO extract significantly decreased histopathological injuries in hematoxylin & eosin, Masson's trichrome-stained sections, inducible nitric oxide synthase and α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 1 immunoexpression. CONCLUSION: Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes extract appears to protect against bleomycin-induced PF, possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties.