This study investigated the sexual dimorphism in right ventricle (RV) remodeling in right heart failure susceptible Fischer CDF rats using the pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed in adult male and female Fischer CDF rats at 1- or 2-wk post-PAB. RV systolic pressure and RV hypertrophy were significantly elevated in PAB rats compared with sham control at 1- and 2-wk post-PAB
however, no differences were observed between male and female rats. Increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and RV end-diastolic diameter was observed in male rats compared with female rats at 2-wk post-PAB. Conversely, higher fractional area change and cardiac index were observed in female rats compared with male rats at 2-wk post-PAB. To explore the mechanisms, a focused PCR array was performed and higher expression of angiogenic genes, including sphingosine kinase-1 (