This book contains 12 articles covering biomedicine, nutrition, and the methodology of lipidomics . These works were first published by MDPI in a Special Issue of Metabolites. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glyosylinositolphosphoceramides, cholesteryl esters, acyl-carnitines, and oxylipins are within the lipid classes accounted for studies regarding liver disease, Wilson disease, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, adipogenesis, and the role lipids play in cancer and virus infection. High-throughput lipid extraction and guidelines for lipid annotation are addressed in several papers. This book is expected to provide a comprehensive view of the diverse areas where lipidomics looms largest.