Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronically inflammatory ocular surface disorder of unknown pathogenesis. Anti-inflammatory medications, artificial tears, autologous serum, and LipiFlow have been shown to be highly beneficial in alleviating symptoms. Nevertheless, these interventions often provide only short-term results and do not address the underlying problems of the disease. There is growing evidence that the risk of DED is associated with a vicious cycle of inflammation. This vicious cycle of inflammation is produced by the interaction of several factors, including tear film hyperosmolarity, tear film instability, inflammation, and apoptosis. Chinese medicine monomers, distinguished by their multicomponent and multitarget advantages, have been shown to help treat DED by modulating tear film status, and inhibiting inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, providing a new way of thinking of the management of DED in Chinese medicine.