OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the clinical and microscopic findings of mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts (MBBCs) in an original case series and to perform a literature review of this lesion. STUDY DESIGN: Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients microscopically diagnosed with MBBCs were retrieved from 4 oral and maxillofacial pathology archives. Data, including clinical, radiographic, and microscopic characteristics, treatments used, and follow-up status, were collected from the pathology records. RESULTS: A total of 23 cases were examined, consisting of 10 male subjects (43.47%) and 13 female subjects (56.52%). The mean age of the subjects was 10.52 years, with a range from 6 to 42 years. The majority involved the first molar, accounting for 19 cases (82.60%), whereas the second molar was affected in 4 cases (17.39%). Only 2 cases presented with bilateral lesions (8.69%), with the remaining 21 cases showing unilateral occurrence (91.30%). Treatment predominantly involved enucleation, utilized in 16 cases (69.56%). The average follow-up period was 6.5 months, ranging from 1 to 27 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations associated with MBBC, emphasizing the importance of a conservative approach, particularly in young patients, to preserve dental function and normal facial growth.