Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a global health challenge, especially due to its genetic diversity and capacity to infect 71 million people worldwide. This infection is prevalent in Pakistan, with 15% of the population affected, with varying rates across provinces. HCV primarily targets liver cells but can also impact other bodily systems, including the reproductive system. Liver infection, oxidative stress, and inflammation may directly or indirectly affect the production, transport, and functions of reproductive hormones and sperm. This study hypothesized that HCV infection may reduce male fertility in the patients. In this case-control study, 74 HCV-infected men and 12 healthy controls from Rawalpindi and Islamabad were compared for semen quality. Participants provided semen samples following strict guidelines, ensuring the reliability of results. The semen analysis, conducted using manual and computer-assisted techniques, revealed significant (