Thực trạng và yếu tố liên quan đến tuân thủ chế độ dinh dưỡng của người bệnh thận nhân tạo=Prevalence and factors related to nutritional adherence in hemodialysis patients

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Tác giả: Mỹ Anh Bùi, Thị Đào Nguyễn, Thị Thanh Huyền Nông, Tuấn Tú Trần

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam (Tổng hội Y học Việt Nam), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.145-152

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 242232

Thêm vào giỏ

This study examinates the current state and factors affecting adherence to nutritional regimens among chronic hemodialysis patients at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study involving 254 chronic hemodialysis patients at Thai Nguyen National Hospital was conducted from February 2024 to August 2024. Adherence to dietary guidelines was assessed using The Renal Adherence Behavior Questionnaire (RABQ). Data on age, gender, education level, medical affordability, residence, frequency and duration of dialysis, and comorbidities were collected. The data were presented as frequencies (n) and percentages (%). Correlation coefficients and linear regression were used in the statistical analyses. Linear regression was performed to assess the associated factors. Results: Among the patients, 1.6% did not adhere to dietary guidelines, 72.4% had moderate adherence, and 26.0% adhered fully. During difficult times, 27.6% of patients did not follow the dietary regimen. Older age was associated with better adherence to sodium restrictions (B=0.03, p=0.006). Higher education levels were related to better adherence to potassium, phosphorus, and medication restrictions (B=0.43, p=0.014). Conversely, longer dialysis duration was associated with poorer adherence to sodium restrictions (B=‒0.12, p=0.000). Conclusion: Poor adherence to nutritional regimens, especially during specific difficulties in hemodialysis patients can reduce healthcare efficacy and increase the risk of complications. Increasing education on nutritional regimens and adherence strategies from an early stage is crucial for improving patient outcomes.Tìm hiểu thực trạng và các yếu tố liên quan đến việc tuân thủ chế độ dinh dưỡng của người bệnh thận nhân tạo chu kỳ tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 254 người bệnh suy thận mạn tính có lọc máu chu kỳ tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên từ tháng 2 đến tháng 8 năm 2024. Việc tuân thủ chế độ dinh dưỡng được đánh giá bằng Bộ công cụ Hành vi Tuân thủ Thận (RABQ). Thông tin về tuổi, giới tính, trình độ học vấn, khả năng chi trả y tế, nơi ở, tần suất và thời gian lọc máu, cùng các bệnh kèm theo được thu thập. Dữ liệu được biểu thị bằng giá trị n (tổng số), phần trăm (%). Sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính để đánh giá các yếu tố liên quan. Kết quả: Có 1,6% người bệnh không tuân thủ chế độ dinh dưỡng, 72,4% tuân thủ vừa phải, và 26,0% tuân thủ đầy đủ. Trong tuân thủ dinh dưỡng trong thời điểm khó khăn, 27,6% người bệnh không tuân thủ chế độ dinh dưỡng. Tuổi càng cao thì việc tuân thủ chế độ natri càng tối tốt hơn (B=0.03, p = 0,006).Trình độ học vấn liên quan đến việc tuân thủ tốt hơn các hạn chế về kali, photpho và thuốc (B=0.43, p = 0,014 ). Ngược lại, thời gian lọc máu dài hơn có thể dẫn đến việc tuân thủ chế độ natri kém hơn (B=‒0.12, p = 0,000). Kết luận: Việc không tuân thủ chế độ dinh dưỡng, đặc biệt khi gặp các khó khăn cụ thể ở người bệnh thận nhân tạo chu kỳ có thể làm giảm hiệu quả điều trị và tăng nguy cơ biến chứng. Cần tăng cường giáo dục về chế độ dinh dưỡng và các chiến lược tuân thủ ngay từ đầu để cải thiện kết quả điều trị cho người bệnh.

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