Đa dạng ứng phó về cư trú và sinh kế sau thảm họa thiên tai ở vùng cao phía Bắc Việt Nam: Trường hợp thôn Tùng Chỉn, xã Trịnh Tường, huyện Bát Xát, tỉnh Lào Cai=Diversity in Post-Disaster Residential and Livelihoods Responses in the Northern Highlands of Vietnam: The Case of Tung Chin Village, Trinh Tuong Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province

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Tác giả: Emmanuel Pannier, Nhật Anh Nguyễn, Phương Anh Phan, Thị Kim Tâm Phan

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Dân tộc học, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.35

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 242765

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In 2008, a historical flash flood caused many deaths and swept away more than twenty houses of the Red Dao people in Tung Chin village (Lao Cai province). Based on ethnographic research and holistic perspective in anthropology, this article analyses the process of changing places of residence and of adjusting livelihoods of local people after the event. The research results show four main trends in post-flood migration, including: staying in the same resettlement areas, moving to higher ground, going down to lower land and moving to another locations. Our research indicates that the decisions of local people to choose a place to live after floods are always linked to livelihood opportunities and strategies as well as influenced by lifestyle characteristics, customs and culture. This connection has been evident in the life and migration process of the Red Dao people for long time. Findings of this research suggest that, policies and programs to support relocation and resettlement in order to reduce the community's risks with natural disasters in general and flash floods in particular, need to take into account the characteristics of livelihoods and customs, culture in each locality and of each population group.Năm 2008, một trận lũ quét lịch sử đã cướp đi sinh mạng nhiều người và cuốn trôi hơn hai chục căn nhà của người Dao Đỏ ở thôn Tùng Chỉn (tỉnh Lào Cai). Dựa trên khảo cứu dân tộc học và cách tiếp cận nhân học tổng thể, bài viết này phân tích quá trình thay đổi địa điểm cư trú sau lũ và các điều chỉnh về sinh kế của người dân địa phương. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra bốn xu hướng chính về chuyển cư sau lũ bao gồm: ở lại các khu tái định cư, lên các khu đất cao hơn (thượng sơn), xuống các khu đất thấp hơn (hạ sơn) và chuyển cư tạm thời đến địa phương khác. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng, các quyết định lựa chọn địa điểm sinh sống sau lũ của người dân địa phương luôn gắn liền với các cơ hội và chiến lược về sinh kế cũng như chịu ảnh hưởng của các đặc điểm về lối sống, tập quán và văn hóa. Mối liên hệ này đã thể hiện rõ trong đời sống và quá trình chuyển cư từ trước đến nay của người Dao Đỏ. Điều này cho thấy, các chính sách, chương trình hỗ trợ di dời, tái định cư nhằm giảm thiểu rủi ro của cộng đồng với thiên tai nói chung và lũ quét nói riêng cần tính tới các đặc thù về sinh kế, tập quán, văn hóa tại từng địa phương và của từng nhóm dân cư.

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