Chế độ ăn và các yếu tố xã hội liên quan đến tình trạng thừa cân béo phì ở học sinh tiểu học tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh=Dietary patterns and factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity among primary school children in Ho Chi Minh City

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Danielle Gallegos, Thị Ngọc Diệp Đỗ, Jolieke Van der Pols, Thị Mỹ Thiện Mai, Smita Nambia, Quốc Cường Trần

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam (Tổng hội Y học Việt Nam), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.334-343

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 243572

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá đặc điểm chế độ ăn, tìm hiểu các kiểu ăn uống phổ biến và các yếu tố xã hội để xác định các yếu tố liên quan đến tình trạng thừa cân và béo phì ở học sinh tiểu học tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 221 học sinh tiểu học (9 - 11 tuổi) được chọn ngẫu nhiên từ bốn trường tiểu học ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 7/2020 - 10/2020. Kết quả: Tổng cộng có 124 học sinh được đánh giá khẩu phần 24 giờ trong 3 ngày không liên tục (2 ngày trong tuần và 1 ngày cuối tuần). Tỉ lệ thừa cân, béo phì ở đối tượng nghiên cứu lần lượt là 27,6% và 31,7%. Trẻ tiêu thụ lượng rau, trái cây, sữa đáp ứng 50% nhu cầu khuyến nghị trong khi tiêu thụ các thực phẩm có đường gấp đôi so với khuyến nghị. Có 4 kiểu ăn uống phổ biến gồm: kiểu ăn truyền thống, kiểu ăn vặt, kiểu ăn nhẹ, kiểu ăn công nghiệp. Sau khi hiệu chỉnh bởi năng lượng ăn vào, giới tính, và tuổi, trẻ có kiểu ăn nhẹ (sữa và thức ăn vặt giàu muối/đường) và ăn công nghiệp (thức ăn nhanh và thịt chế biến) là yếu tố nguy cơ đối với tình trạng thừa cân béo phì ở trẻ với chỉ số nguy cơ lần lượt là OR (KTC95%) = 3,5(1 - 11,9) và OR (KTC 95%) = 2,8 (1,1 - 7,1). Ngoài ra, một số yếu tố có liên quan đến tình trạng béo phì của trẻ được xác định gồm: nam giới OR (KTC 95%) = 4,9 (2,2 - 10,6), có bố béo phì OR (KTC 95%) = 3,1 (1,3 - 7,5), gia đình có thu nhập từ 15 - 20 triệu trở lên OR (KTC 95%) = 3,7 (1,0 - 13,2) và gia đình có thu nhập <
5 triệu đồng OR (KTC 95%) = 4,2 (1,2 - 15). Kết luận: Tỉ lệ thừa cân béo phì ở học sinh tiểu học tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đang ở mức cao và chế độ ăn không lành mạnh, nam giới, bố béo phì, thu nhập gia đình ở mức thấp và mức trung bình cao là yếu tố nguy cơ của tình trạng này. Do đó cần có các chương trình can thiệp cộng đồng và các chính sách xã hội kịp thời nhằm kiểm soát tình trạng thừa cân béo phì ở trẻ em, đặc biệt là trẻ ở các gia đình có thu nhập thấp.The study aims to evaluate dietary characteristics, identify dietary patterns, and social factors to determine the factors related to overweight and obesity among primary school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted on 221 primary school students (aged 9 - 11 years) randomly selected from four primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City from July 2020 to October 2020. Results: A subset of sample (n = 124) was assessed for their 24-hour dietary intake over three non-consecutive days (two weekdays and one weekend day). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the study subjects was 27.6% and 31.7%, respectively. Children consumed 50% of the recommended intake of vegetables, fruits, and milk, while their consumption of sugary foods was double the recommended amount. Four common eating patterns were identified: traditional pattern, snacking pattern, light eating pattern, and industrial eating pattern. After adjusting for energy intake, gender, and age, children with light eating patterns (milk and salty/sweet snacks) and industrial eating patterns (fast food and processed meat) were at higher risk of overweight and obesity, with risk ratios of OR (95% CI) = 3.5 (1 - 11.9) and OR (95% CI) = 2.8 (1.1 - 7.1), respectively. Additionally, some factors related to children's obesity were identified: male OR (95% CI) = 4.9 (2.2 - 10.6), having an obese father OR (95% CI) = 3.1 (1.3 - 7.5), family income of 15 - 20 million or more OR (95% CI) = 3.7 (1.0 - 13.2), and family income of less than 5 million OR (95% CI) = 4.2 (1.2 - 15). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Ho Chi Minh City is high, and eating unhealthy diets, being male, having an obese father, and living in a low to middle-high family income were risk factors for overweight and obesity. Therefore, timely community intervention programs and social policies are needed to control the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, especially those from low-income families.

1. Đọc trực tuyến

1. Đọc trực tuyến

Tạo bộ sưu tập với mã QR