Hiệu quả của bộ công cụ giáo dục trong nâng cao kiến thức chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho người sống với HIV=Effectiveness of an educational toolkit in improving oral health knowledge for people living with HIV

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Tác giả: Trọng Hùng Hoàng, Thị Kiều Điểm Lê, Đức Minh Nguyễn, Duy Quân Trần

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam (Tổng hội Y học Việt Nam), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.205-213

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 243640

Thêm vào giỏ

Đánh giá tính hiệu quả của bộ công cụ giáo dục, gồm 2 tờ rơi và 2 video, trong nâng cao kiến thức chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho người sống với HIV (NSVH) tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh sau 3 tháng sử dụng. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu can thiệp cộng đồng được thực hiện trên NSVH từ 18 tuổi trở lên được chọn thuận tiện ở Bệnh viện Nhân Ái và Phòng khám Nhà Mình. Một bộ công cụ giáo dục gồm 2 tờ rơi và 2 video về chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho NSVH đã được xây dựng và đánh giá tính hiệu quả. Một bài kiểm tra gồm 16 câu hỏi nhiều lựa chọn về kiến thức chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho NSVH được xây dựng bởi các chuyên gia. Tất cả người tham gia nghiên cứu được chia ngẫu nhiên thành 3 nhóm, gồm nhóm chỉ xem tờ rơi, nhóm chỉ xem video và nhóm xem cả hai. Người tham gia thực hiện bài kiểm tra nêu trên trong 30 phút ở 4 thời điểm, gồm trước khi xem tờ rơi và/hoặc video, ngay sau khi xem, sau khi xem 1 tháng, và sau khi xem 3 tháng. Dữ liệu thu thập là điểm bài kiểm tra của mỗi người tham gia tại 4 thời điểm, với mỗi câu trả lời đúng tương ứng với 1 điểm. Dữ liệu được xử lý bằng phần mềm SPSS 20.0. Kết quả: 64 người tham gia nghiên cứu đến thời điểm sau 3 tháng. Tại thời điểm trước khi sử dụng tờ rơi và/hoặc video, không có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê về điểm trung bình giữa 3 nhóm (p >
0,05). Tại thời điểm ngay sau khi xem, sau khi xem 1 tháng và 3 tháng, có sự khá biệt điểm trung bình giữa 3 nhóm có ý nghĩa thống kê (p <
0,05). Có sự tăng điểm trung bình có ý nghĩa thống kê ở thời điểm ngay sau khi xem, sau khi xem 1 tháng và sau khi xem 3 tháng so với thời điểm trước khi xem (p <
0,05). Ở 3 nhóm, gồm nhóm xem tờ rơi, nhóm xem video và nhóm xem cả hai, có sự nâng cao kiến thức chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng sau 3 tháng với phần trăm tăng điểm trung bình lần lượt là 20,28%, 26,84% và 29,99%. Kết luận: Sau 3 tháng sử dụng, bộ công cụ giáo dục đã cho thấy hiệu quả trong việc nâng cao kiến thức chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho NSVH. Tờ rơi là công cụ truyền thông hiệu quả để giáo dục sức khỏe răng miệng trong cộng đồng đặc thù này, nhưng việc sử dụng cả tờ rơi và video giúp cải thiện kiến thức chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho NSVH nhanh hơn và hiệu quả hơn.To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational toolkit, consisting of two leaflets and two videos, in enhancing oral health knowledge among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Ho Chi Minh City over a three-month period. Methods: A community intervention study was conducted with PLWH aged 18 years and older, selected from Nhan Ai Hospital and Nha Minh Clinic. The educational toolkit, comprising two leaflets and two videos on oral health care for PLWH, was developed and evaluated. A 16-item multiple-choice test assessing oral health knowledge was designed by experts. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: leaflet-only, video-only, and combined. The test was administered at four intervals: baseline, immediately postintervention, one month post-intervention, and three months post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Sixty-four participants completed the study. Baseline scores showed no significant difference between groups (p >
0.05). However, significant differences in mean scores were observed immediately postintervention, one month, and three months (p <
0.05). All groups demonstrated significant knowledge gains at all post-intervention intervals (p <
0.05). Knowledge improvement percentages were 20.28% for the leaflet group, 26.84% for the video group, and 29.99% for the combined group. Conclusion: The educational toolkit effectively improved oral health knowledge among PLWH over three months. Leaflets are a viable traditional educational tool, but combining leaflets and videos provides a more rapid and effective enhancement of oral health knowledge in this population.

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