Abstract: The Communist Party of Vietnam always regards Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought as its ideological foundation and guiding principles for action. The results from Vietnam's reality over the past 93 years have verified the truthfulness and revolutionary, scientific nature of this thought. At the 13th Congress, the Party asserted: “To steadfastly uphold Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought... continually struggle against the plots and activities of hostile and reactionary forces, refuting erroneous and hostile views, and protecting the Party's ideological foundation.” However, this work faces many difficulties and challenges due to the intertwined influences of various factors. This article will identify the main factors affecting the protection of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought in the current context. Keywords: Protecting Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought, objective factors, subjective factors, new situation.