Tỷ lệ trẻ vẹo cột sống vô căn tuổi vị thành niên và các yếu tố liên quan ở học sinh trung học phổ thông=Prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and associated factors in high school students

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Tác giả: Khánh Sơn Hồng, Hoàng Thanh Nguyễn, Thanh Danh Nguyễn, Thị Thu Phương Phạm, Văn Minh Phạm, Minh Hoàng Phan

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Nghiên cứu y học (Đại học Y Hà Nội), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.175-184

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 244724

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Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện nhằm xác định tỷ lệ vẹo cột sống vô căn và một số yếu tố liên quan trên 768 học sinh trường Trung học phổ thông Tạ Quang Bửu, thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trong thời gian từ tháng 03/2023 đến 12/2023. Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp chọn mẫu toàn bộ học sinh thoả các tiêu chuẩn tham gia nghiên cứu thuộc độ tuổi từ 15 - 17 tuổi và thu thập số liệu dựa trên bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn và khám lâm sàng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỷ lệ học sinh nghi ngờ vẹo thông qua đánh giá lâm sàng với góc đo độ xoay thân đốt sống bằng thước scolimeter ≥ 5° chiếm 6,4% trong khi tỷ lệ vẹo cột sống vô căn được xác định qua X-quang là 3,5%. Đa số bệnh nhân vẹo cột sống vô căn có độ trưởng thành xương thuộc độ IV (61,5%) và độ xoay (+) với 88,5%. Nghiên cứu tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa vẹo cột sống vô căn với độ tuổi, phong cách đeo cặp sách khi đi học và việc thường xuyên ngồi học lệch sang bên (p <
0,05). Kết quả nghiên cứu nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc thực hiện các chương trình sàng lọc vẹo cột sống nhằm phát hiện sớm, cho phép bệnh nhân nhỏ tuổi có các vấn đề tiềm ẩn ở cột sống được điều trị chỉnh hình và phục hồi chức năng.This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis and associated factors among 768 students at Ta Quang Buu High School in Ho Chi Minh City from March 2023 to December 2023. The study used the total sampling method, including all students aged from 15 to 17 years old who met the sampling criterias and data collected was based on a pre-prepared questionnaires and clinical examinations. The findings revealed 6.4% of the students were suspected of scoliosis through clinical evaluation. with an angle of vertebral body rotation by scolimeter measurement ≥ 5°. Meanwhile, the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis determined through X-ray was 3.5%. Notably, the majority of affected students were in the bone maturity stage IV (61.5%) and demonstrated a positive rotation in 88.5% of cases. A significant correlation was found between idiopathic scoliosis and several factors including age group, one-shoulder backpack carrying style, and the tendency to lean to one side while sitting (p <
0.05). These findings underscore the critical need to implement scoliosis screening programs in high schools for early detection and treatment, thereby enhancing the prospects for orthopedic management and functional improvement in young individuals.

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