Sản xuất và định hướng sử dụng phân bón urê giải phóng kiểm soát cho canh tác lúa nước ở Việt Nam=Production and using orientation of controlled release urea fertilizer for wet-rice cultivation in Vietnam

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Tác giả: Hữu Trung Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học và Công nghệ (ĐH Công nghiệp TP. HCM), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.107-117

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 244888

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Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are a promising way to develop sustainable and modern agriculture. CRFs have lower production costs, save resources, enhance crop yield and quality, and prevent environmental damage. This study aimed to develop and produce controlled-release urea fertilizer (CRUF) and design formulation for wet-rice growth in Vietnam. The coating particle technology with a biodegradable polymer mixture, which was synthesized from distarch phosphate, poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(acrylic acid), was used to produce CRUF. The CRUF characteristics were measured using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and image analysis methods. The obtained product was also compared with commercial urea products. The study also established the mechanism and mathematical model for the urea release process of CRUF. The calculated diffusion coefficient of water and urea through the membrane is 1.47 ×10-6 m2/h and 2.2×10-8 m2/h, lag period of 1.5 hours, period of linear release of 13.73 hours and steady release rate of 0.548. These results were used to calculate and evaluate the suitablity between the amount of urea released and the needs of wet rice which can design and apply them in the production of the Mekong Delta's wet rice.Phân bón giải phóng kiểm soát là giải pháp đầy hứa hẹn cho sự phát triển của sản xuất nông nghiệp hiện đại và bền vững. Chúng giúp giảm chi phí sản xuất, tiết kiệm nguồn tài nguyên, tăng năng suất và chất lượng cây trồng, đồng thời ngăn ngừa được những tác hại về môi trường. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là nhằm phát triển, sản xuất phân urê giải phóng kiểm soát và tiến hành xây dựng công thức sử dụng sản phẩm cho canh tác lúa nước ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu đã tiến hành sử dụng công nghệ bọc hạt phân urê với vật liệu bọc là hỗn hợp polyme phân hủy sinh học được phát triển các nguyên liệu như: poly(vinyl alcohol), tinh bột biến tính phốt phát, và poly(acrylic acid). Đặc trưng của sản phẩm được xác định bằng kính hiển vi quang học, kính hiển vi điện tử quét, phương pháp phân tích hình ảnh và so sánh với các sản phẩm urê khác. Nghiên cứu cũng đã thiết lập cơ chế và mô hình toán quá trình giải phóng urê của sản phẩm, từ đó xác định được thời gian trễ 1,5 giờ, thời gian ổn định 13,73 giờ, tỉ lệ giải phóng ổn định 0,548, hệ số khuếch tán nước 1,47 ×10-9 m2/h và hệ số khuếch tán urê qua màng 2,2×10-8 m2/h. Các kết quả này được sử dụng để tính toán, đánh giá sự phù hợp giữa lượng urê giải phóng và nhu cầu của cây lúa nước, đề xuất được công thức sử dụng sản phẩm đáp ứng cho điều kiện canh tác lúa nước ở Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL).

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